One of the most decisive moments in the Romanian Revolution of 1989 was Ceausescus December 21st speech (or lack thereof). PROSECUTOR: Mr. Chairman, we find the two accused guilty of having committed criminal actions according to the following articles of the penal code: Articles 162, 163, 165 and 357. I am talking to you as simple citizens at the least, as simple citizens, and I tell you: I am the president of Romania. Ceausescu begins his address to the people as he had in years past but this year the tide turned. Two: Armed attack on the people and the state power, in accordance with Article 163 of the penal code. He was Secre. You need not admit your mistakes, mister. In one speech, a Romanian politician likened Ceausescu to Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Peter the Great, Abraham Lincoln and other major historical figures. But by then there was nowhere to hide. Elena and Nicolae reject this. Since the old government has been dissolved and Ceauescu has lost his functions, he no longer has the right to be treated as the president. Earlier, joyful crowds had paraded through the city after reports that Mr Ceauescu had been arrested after trying to flee from the roof of the party headquarters by helicopter. For example, George Ciampa, an 89-year old D-Day veteran refused an invitation to meet with President Obama at the White House. PROSECUTOR: Why do you think that people are fighting today? What do you say as a citizen? It is simply an accumulation of multitudes ignoring the official line bit by bit and thereby gradually placing themselves unwittingly in opposition to it. The prosecutor wants to find out on which basis the trial can be continued. However, he had badly misread the crowd's mood. PROSECUTOR: Mr. Chairman, we find the two accused guilty of having committed criminal actions according to the following articles of the penal code: Articles 162, 163, 165 and 357. We want a legal trial. At the beginning, Ceauescu claimed that it is a provocation to be asked whether he was sick. I do not recognize the court. Last modified on Sun 29 Mar 2020 07.01 EDT President Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown yesterday and became a fugitive in the country he has ruled for 24 years as remnants of his personal troops. , the former US ambassador to Syria, has effectively accused the Obama administration of abandoning genuinely pro-American rebels in Syria thereby allowing the ascendance of al-Qaeda. If he no longer has a certain function, he cannot demand anything at all. You were not used to talking to the people. Another question to Ceauescu: Who ordered the bloodbath in Timisoara. PROSECUTOR: Why do you think that people are fighting today? You cannot talk to me in such a way! PROSECUTOR: Will you sign the statement now or not? In response, Ceauescu raised his right hand in hopes of silencing the crowd; his stunned expression remains one of the defining moments of the end of Communism in Eastern Europe. Why did you ruin the country so much: Why did you export everything? PROSECUTOR: This situation is known. The two defendants should also know that they are entitled to a counsel for defense, even if they reject this. [1], His security guard appeared, disappeared and, finally, hustled Ceauescu off the balcony. PROSECUTOR: But not of our army, you are not the commander in chief of our army. The president of the United States is the commander in chief over all branches of the military. Defendant, if you had no accounts in Switzerland, will you sign a statement confirming that the money that may be in Switzerland should be transferred to the Romanian state, the State Bank. . PROSECUTOR: Do you not know anything about the order to shoot? Quantum: Einstein, Bohr and the Great Debate About the Nature of Reality "This is the final battle," he said. Judecator Gica POPA. Who pays them? All the world should know what is going on here. They were given red flags, banners and large pictures of Ceauescu. You have information about it. The charges are incorrect, and I will not answer a single question here. You cannot talk to me in such a way! NICOLAE CEAUESCU: No, we had no palaces. His 1936 mugshot at age 18 still haunts the internet. 23 December 1989: Nicolae Ceauescus overthrow follows a week of carnage in which thousands of protesters against his regime were killed in cold blood. PROSECUTOR: In the same way he refused to hold a dialogue with the people, now he also refuses to speak with us. NICOLAE CEAUESCU: We had no account in Switzerland. This shows again how false the charges are. The Idiot Vote: The Democrats Core Constituency But who gave the order to shoot? CEAUSESCU: We will discuss this before the Grand National Assembly. Thousands of workers were bussed into the square under threat of being fired. Ford said of his resignation,I was no longer in a position where I felt I could defend the American policy. Sooner or later inability to credit yoga or videos produced in Los Angeles as actual factors becomes more and more widespread. The crimes against the people grew year by year. PROSECUTOR: Did you know about the genocide or did you, as a chemist, only deal with polymers? Print. Diane Dimond writes in Real Clear Politicsabout the low level grumbling that risen to detectable levels since the Bergdahl affair. The catastrophic situation of the country is known all over the world. We are all equal. "Video of Ceausescus Last Speech, December 1989," in World History Commons, https://worldhistorycommons.org/video-ceausescus-last-speech-december-1989 [accessed March 4, 2023], Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. I have nothing to do with them. About Ceausescu claims that the putsch was organized from abroad. This is a legal trial, and I honor them by defending them. I just couldnt convince myself to do it., He is not alone. PROSECUTOR: The Grand National Assembly has been dissolved. Ceauescu claims that the putsch was organized from abroad. One day Obama may wake up and find the alliances just gone. What do you think? [1] The crowd, now totaling up to 80,000, were given orders on where to stand, when to applaud and what to sing. The hardship exemption rules, for example, let anyone who experienced domestic violence avoid the mandate, without providing any documentation of abuse. PROSECUTOR: Children cannot even buy plain candy, and you are living in the palaces of the people. One momentCeauescu was in total control of Romania, determined to crush his enemies. The bill of indictment contains the following points: Genocide, in accordance with Article 356 of the penal code. No one can deprive me of these functions. Ceauescu refused to answer. A flight into peril, flashbacks to underground action. Rebranding Christianity (The World of Information) He, Elena and four others managed to get to the roof and escaped by helicopter, only seconds ahead of a group of demonstrators who had followed them there.. I am now talking to you as simple citizens, and I hope that you will tell the truth. They not only killed children, young people and adults in Timisoara and Bucharest; they allowed Securitate members to wear military uniforms to create the impression among the people that the army is against them. Sudden realizations are like a crash; its not the fact of deceleration that is fatal so much as the suddenness of it. ELENA CEAUESCU: Incredible. The crimes against the people grew year by year. I have no statement to make, and I will not sign one. The final speech of the prosecutor follows: PROSECUTOR: It is very difficult for us to act, to pass a verdict on people who even now do not want to admit to the criminal offenses that they have committed during 25 years and admit to the genocide, not only in Timisoara and Bucharest, but primarily also to the criminal offenses committed during the past 25 years. Centralized regimes may seem to collapse suddenly, yet in reality they have been coming apart for a long time. At that moment Elena says to Nicolae: Forget about them. Everybody should be paid according to his performance. No one can ask Bergdahl, since he is now reported as being unable to speak to anyone including his family. Bucharest television said that they had left the country. PROSECUTOR: Who gave the order to shoot in Bucharest, for instance? Decembrie 25 1989 - Garnizoana Tirgoviste. Now the counsel for the defense, who was appointed by the court, asks whether Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu know the aforementioned facts that he is no longer president, that she has lost all official functions. Not a single shot. The story of Ceauescu's final speech is a textbook example. CHIEF PROSECUTOR: Esteemed chairman of the court, today we have to pass a verdict on the defendants Nicolae Ceausescu and Elena Ceausescu who have committed the following offenses: Crimes against the people. Romanian demonstrators gathered in front of the headquarters of the Romanian Communist Party in Bucharest during the 1989 anti-communist revolution, 22 December 1989. They are not only accused of offenses committed during the past few days, but of offenses committed during the past 25 years. He refused to undergo a psychiatric examination. Only a few hours before the Genius of the Carpathians had been in apparently complete command. We must not allow the slightest impression of illegality to emerge. I ask the court, as the plaintiff, to take note that proof has been furnished for all these points, that the two have committed the offenses mentioned. Elena says: Look, and that they are calling genocide. By the way, I will not answer any more questions. Why did you starve the people? PROSECUTOR: The terrorists are from Securitate? Tell us! The front rows of the assembly were made up of low-level Communist Party officials and members who acted as cheer-leaders. Ceauescu answers: As I said before, the people are fighting for their freedom and against this putsch, against this usurpation. The following is a transscript of the closed trial of Romanian Dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, as shown on Romanian and Austrian television. And who brought them into the country? The War of the Words for $3.99, Understanding the crisis of the early 21st century in terms of information corruption in the financial, security and political spheres Elena keeps whispering to him. You have acted in a very irresponsible manner; you led the country to the verge of ruin and you will be convicted on the basis of the points contained in the bill of indictment. PROSECUTOR: The terrorists are from Securitate? The prosecutor quotes Ceauescu, Ceauescu's program. ALISON SMALE December 21, 1989. You have destroyed the Romanian villages and the Romanian soil. The prosecutor says: The world already knows what has happened here. And Elena says: It is incredible what they are inventing, incredible. We have sacrificed all our lives to the people. They wanted to separate the people from the army. The mighty Law of the Land is exposed as all bark and no bite; a fine they cant enforce. Richard is soon unhorsed on the field at the climax of the battle, and cries out, A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse! But wags through the ages have rewritten the lines perhaps less poetically, but more accurately as a hearse, a hearse, my kingdom for a hearse. That sad funereal vehicle is always drawn by teams of corrupt information. CEAUSESCU: This is not possible at all. He always claimed to act and speak on behalf of the people, to be a beloved son of the people, but he only tyrannized the people all the time. ELENA CEAUSESCU: Accounts in Switzerland? The National Salvation Front is now our supreme body. Ceausescu's last speech was interrupted but not by the shouts of the masses. Copyright 2023 PJMedia.com/Salem Media. They were even worse than the king, the former king of Romania. These two defendants have robbed the people, and not even today do they want to talk. The video- shown live on Romanian television-- shows his confusion and consternation and the barely audible comments. Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway I would not call for the death sentence, but it would be incomprehensible for the Romanian people to have to go on suffering this great misery and not to have it ended by sentencing the two Ceauescus to death. It must be cleared up whether Ceausescu wants to, should, must or can answer at all. The following is a transscript of the closed trial of Romanian Dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, as shown on Romanian and Austrian television. Those moments of Ceausescus weakness and the power of popular pressure explain why, a mere 48 hours later, Ceausescu was attempting to flee Romania, all power lost. CEAUSESCU: I do not answer, I will only answer questions before the Grand National Assembly. Central planning in economics leads to a mismatch in prices and a collapse in the economy while a Central Narrative in politics leads to an increased incidence of involuntary rebellion. In the essay The Use of Knowledge in Society, Hayek argued that in complex systems the relevant facts are dispersed among many people. Free elections would be held as soon as possible, and independent media would be established. That is why the people are fighting all over the country. This speech was an annual event and carefully scripted by the regime to insure both success and the appearance of popular support. CEAUSESCU: I repeat: I am the president of Romania and the commander in chief of the Romanian army. NICOLAE CEAUESCU: What? Former President Donald Trump speaks during the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland, on March 4, 2023. Ceauescu's speech of 21 August 1968 [English Subtitles] Transcrierea discursului lui Ceauescu: 01:08 Nicolae Ceauescu: Dragi tovari. They carried out acts that are incompatible with human dignity and social thinking; they acted in a despotic and criminal way; they destroyed the people whose leaders they claimed to be. It is a historic time, given that no military member goes public to speak negatively about the ultimate commander. Furnish proof! He always claimed to act and speak on behalf of the people, to be a beloved son of the people, but he only tyrannized the people all the time. They not only killed children, young people and adults in Timisoara and Bucharest; they allowed Securitate members to wear military uniforms to create the impression among the people that the army is against them. Every honest citizen who worked hard here until 22 December knows that we do not have medicines, that you two have killed children and other people in this way, that there is nothing to eat, no heating, no electricity. PROSECUTOR: Did you hear the charges? PROSECUTOR: Well, Mr. Why did you starve the people? Transcript of the closed trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Transcript_of_the_closed_trial_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceauescu&oldid=6470911, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. They are speaking about injustice, ineptitude and impeachment. You told us about it here. A photo of a television screen of Nicolae Ceauescu delivering his last public speech from the balcony of the Romanian Communist Party headquarters, 21 December 1989. CEAUSESCU: Nu recunosc nici un tribunal in afara de Marea Adunare Nationala. Later reports suggested the couple had been captured. These two defendants procured the most luxurious foodstuffs and clothes from abroad. A little noticed article in the, notes that Australia will support Japans effort to repeal its pacifist constitution. What defamation, what provocations! Shakespeare dramatized the turnabout in his famous scene. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Land of Green Plums, Mller, Herta at the best online prices at eBay! NICOLAE CEAUESCU: She was not a deputy prime minister, but the first deputy prime minister. The prosecutor quotes Ceausescu, Ceausescu's program. As a result, the prosecutor says: Elena has always been talkative, but otherwise she does not know much. The palaces belong to the people. We will speak only at the National Assembly, because we have worked hard for the people all our lives. Not a single shot was fired in Palace Square. Nobody has opened an account. Elena and Nicolae Ceausescu must be held fully responsible for this. Why did you ruin the country so much: Why did you export everything? Military base Tirgoviste - December 25th 1989. Then follows the reading of the indictment. The prosecutor asks the counsel for the defense to ask Ceausescu whether he knows that he is no longer president of the country, that Elena Ceausescu has also lost all her official state functions and that the government has been dissolved. Have you understood them? Do you want to sign this statement? Answer this question! We will speak only at the National Assembly, because we have worked hard for the people all our lives. How can one say something like this? PROSECUTOR: Please, make a note: Nicolae Ceauescu refuses to cooperate with the court-appointed counsel for the defense. We have data concerning both of them. He refused to undergo a psychiatric examination. And so should such reports chill one to the bone. I am talking to you as simple citizens at the least, as simple citizens, and I tell you: I am the president of Romania. Centralized Information as Hayek points out, eventually becomes the Official Lie. In 1947, we assumed power, but under completely different circumstances. I have observed that she is not even able to read correctly, but she calls herself an university graduate. Workers from a Bucharest power plant started chanting "Ti-mi-oa-ra! PROSECUTOR: Well, Mr. The English translation is by the U.S. government's Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Another question . The following is a transcript of the closed trial of Romanian Dictator Nicolae Ceauescu and his wife, Elena, as shown on Romanian and Austrian television. COUNSEL FOR THE DEFENSE: Even though he like her committed insane acts, we want to defend them. The Times of Israel quotes Israeli oppositionists as accusing Benjamin Netanyahu of loathing Barack Obama so intensely it has endangering the Jewish states security. PROSECUTOR: Note the following: The defendant refuses to sign this statement. Ti-mi-oa-ra! In response, Ceauescu raised his right hand in hopes of silencing the crowd; his stunned expression remains one of the defining moments of the end of Communism in Eastern Europe. Plenara Comitetului Central al Partidului, Consiliul de Stat, Guvernul, repr. PROSECUTOR: Who gave the order to shoot in Bucharest, for instance? PROSECUTOR: Who ordered shooting into the crowd? Free shipping for many products! Her husband, Nicolae. What may happen of course, is that like a frog slowly being boiled in a pot, the process happens so slowly that people arent aware of it themselves. In response, the two laugh, and she says: We do not stay abroad. They were not really interested in the people. The prosecutor agrees, but stresses that they lived in them while the people suffered. The prosecutor turns to Elena: You have always been wiser and more ready to talk, a scientist. Storming the Castle at Amazon Kindle for $3.99, why government should get small And I also do not recognize the counsel for the defense. But we are not talking about people. Ceausescu relates his recent meeting with Dubcek in Prague in August 1968. Not a single shot was fired in Palace Square. Getting a shut-off notice from a utility is also sufficient to claim a hardship exemption. Elena and Nicolae Ceasescu state: Well, you told us about it. A caretaker government was announced within an hour of the dictators capture. Nicolae Ceausescu delivers his last public speech in Bucharest on December 21, 1989. You see, there is no use in talking to these people. CEAUSESCU: No, we will not sign. The people were slaves. Elena Ceauescu's last moments were as pathetic as one could imagine. Who are these fanatics? The people only received 200 grams per day, against an identity card. The English translation is by the U.S. government's Foreign Broadcast Information Service. PROSECUTOR: And who heads Securitate? And I also do not recognize the counsel for the defense. PROSECUTOR: So far, they have always claimed that we have built this country, we have paid our debts, but with this they bled the country to death and have hoarded enough money to ensure their escape. Its just that he makes it so hard to do so.. CEAUSESCU: I will answer any question, but only at the Grand National Assembly, before the representatives of the working class. The produce which the peasants grew was exported, and the peasants came from the most remote provinces to Bucharest and to the other cities in order to buy bread. Faithless Execution: Building the Political Case for Obamas Impeachment I will only speak at the Grand National Assembly. Rebranding Christianity for $3.99, or why the truth shall make you free I will only speak in front of it. They not only deprived the people of heating, electricity, and foodstuffs, they also tyrannized the soul of the Romanian people. You were the most important aide, the number two in the cabinet, in the government. [3], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, The former headquarters of the Central Committee of the, File:Ceausescu Final Speech - Former Central Committee Building - Bucharest - Romania.jpg, Video of Ceausescus Last Speech, December 1989, Nicolae Ceauescu LAST SPEECH (english subtitles) 1/2, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Ceauescu%27s_final_speech&oldid=714636674, Articles with Romanian-language external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. The workers were augmented by bystanders who were rounded up on Calea Victoriei. Robert Ford, the former US ambassador to Syria, has effectively accused the Obama administration of abandoning genuinely pro-American rebels in Syria thereby allowing the ascendance of al-Qaeda. Workers, military units and other popular organizations were bused to the capitol and given orders on where to stand, when to applaud and what to sing. All Rights Reserved. The front rows of the assembly were made up of low-level Communist Party officials and members who acted as cheer-leaders. Watching the "Video of Ceausescu's Last Speech" on the Making the History of 1989 website, a speech which Nikolae Ceausescu made on 21 December 1989, I was curious to see what the disturbance was that so rattled Ceausescu because by the end of the speech it appears a semblance of order had returned. This is our home. Elena and Nicolae Ceausescu should be punished in a really legal trial. All their property will be impounded. This page was last modified on 10 April 2016, at 21:40. Mr Ceauescus overthrow followed a week of carnage in which thousands of men, women and children protesting against his regime were killed in cold blood, and probably tens of thousands wounded. Elena keeps whispering to him. CEAUSESCU: I do not recognize this court. He answers: I am the president of Romania, and I am the commander in chief of the Romanian army. The Securitate had hidden food reserves on which Bucharest could have survived for months, the whole of Bucharest. CEAUSESCU: No, the people are fighting for freedom and against the new forum. Paper is patient. What do you say as a citizen? They were only busy enslaving the people and building up an apparatus of power. Ceausescu answers: As I said before, the people are fighting for their freedom and against this putsch, against this usurpation. Not a single shot. As a simple citizen, I tell you the following: For the first time I guaranteed that every peasant received 200 kilograms of wheat per person, not per family, and that he is entitled to more. PROSECUTOR: Yes, but you are paying the mercenaries. In the second stage their edicts become unenforceable from sheer impracticability. Romania's dictator Nicolae Ceausescu's final speech (executed 12/25) More Notable Events on December 21: 1997 Detroit Lions Barry Sanders is 3rd to run for 2,000 yards in a season 1991 U.S. actress Jane Fonda marries CNN-director Ted Turner 1989 Dan Quayle sends out 30,000 Xmas cards with word beacon spelled beakon PROSECUTOR: Children cannot even buy plain candy, and you are living in the palaces of the people. The National Salvation Front is now our supreme body. I will not say anything here. Furnish proof! Thousands of workers were bused into the square under threat of being fired. They were even worse than the king, the former king of Romania. We have sufficient data on this period. PROSECUTOR: Note: He does not recognize the points mentioned in the bill of indictment. PROSECUTOR: By now, there have been 34 casualties. Then he is treated like a normal citizen. The defendant has not recognized us. A horse or a hearse? Yet there is a big difference between grousing, which is endemic to the military, and actual rebellion. This occurs when the official line becomes so ridiculous that ordinary people dont even realize they are falling out of step with the Party Line. Share . The court notes that the investigations have been concluded. This year, the crowd begins to chant unscripted comments back at the dictator. In response, the two laugh, and she says: We do not stay abroad. The great Ceauescu escape attempt came after it had become clear that most of the army had gone over to the people. quotes Israeli oppositionists as accusing Benjamin Netanyahu of loathing Barack Obama so intensely it has endangering the Jewish states security. Almost none of the uninsured will end up paying the ObamaCare mandate penalty, according to an updated analysis by the Congressional Budget Office, which found that 87% will be able to claim an exemption. Why do the peasants then buy their bread in Bucharest? . That is why the people are fighting all over the country. . They used to fetch people from orphans' homes or from abroad whom they trained in special institutions to become murderers of their own people. They were not really interested in the people. However, there is a difference between real sickness that must be treated and mental insanity which leads to corresponding actions, but which is denied by the person in question. They are not only accused of offenses committed during the past few days, but of offenses committed during the past 25 years. I will not answer any more. The destruction of buildings and state institutions, undermining of the national economy, in accordance with Articles 165 and 145 of the penal code. Ceausescu begins his address to the people as he had in years past but this year the tide turned. Elena and Nicolae Ceauescu must be held fully responsible for this. NICOLAE CEAUESCU: I will not answer. Usurpers have been punished severely during the past centuries in Romania's history. Nobody has the right to abolish the Grand National Assembly. Elena says: Look, and that they are calling genocide. I am the president of the people. 600K views 3 years ago Nicolae Ceauescu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikola.e ta.uesku]; 26 January 1918 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the Secretary General of the Romanian. I only recognize the working class and the Grand National Assembly -- no one else. They organized the putsch. TheWashington Timesreports that a top intelligence official is accusing the Obama admininistration of funding a terror network for the next ten years, alleging the administration paid a cash ransom to redeem Bowe Bergdahl. Its not that we dont want to respect the commander-in-chief, one told me sadly. Ceausescu refused to answer. ELENA CEAUESCU: Such impudence! CEAUSESCU: Is it possible that we are facing such charges? But those who shot at the young people were the security men, the terrorists. ELENA CEAUSESCU: What genocide? They cultivated the soil in line with your orders and had nothing to eat. Recent items of interest by Belmont readers based on Amazon click-throughs. Now we finally saw your villa on television, the golden plates from which you ate, the foodstuffs that you had imported, the luxurious celebrations, pictures from your luxurious celebrations. Sections in italic type are from the austrian television comentary: NICOLAE CEAUSESCU: I only recognize the Grand National Assembly. In the wake of growing tension over an uprising in Timioara in which thousands were reportedly killed, Ceauescu decided to give a nationally televised speech before a crowd in Palace Square (now known as Revolution Square) in Bucharest. This is our home. This gang will be destroyed. I ask the chairman of the prosecutor's office to read the bill of indictment. There is still shooting going on, the prosecutor says. Within hours Ceauescu was beseiged inside the Central Committee building by irate crowds. PROSECUTOR: But not of our army, you are not the commander in chief of our army. He was a cosignatory of an open letter harshly critical of the Ceauescu region which appeared last march. PROSECUTOR: Whether you have ever had a mental illness. He answers: I am the president of Romania, and I am the commander in chief of the Romanian army. Two: Armed attack on the people and the state power, in accordance with Article 163 of the penal code. Only a president who is still confirmed in his position can demand to speak at the Grand National Assembly. 20072021 Roy Rosenzweig Center for History & New Media You, as a scientist, did you know about it? The palaces belong to the people. We have ensured an apartment for every citizen through corresponding laws. By the way, I will not answer any more questions. PROSECUTOR: Let us now talk about the accounts in Switzerland, Mr. Ceausescu. The streets and squares of Bucharest were littered with torn portraits and shattered busts of the President and his wife. If he no longer has a certain function, he cannot demand anything at all. I do not recognize this court. The next he was a hunted man. PROSECUTOR: Esteemed Mr. Chairman, I have been one of those who, as a lawyer, would have liked to oppose the death sentence, because it is inhuman. Because of the crimes they committed against the people, I plead, on behalf of the victims of these two tyrants, for the death sentence for the two defendants. Ford said of his resignation,I was no longer in a position where I felt I could defend the American policy. Sooner or later inability to credit yoga or videos produced in Los Angeles as actual factors becomes more and more widespread.