4K, b M.W. Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. ; De Jong, S.J. 2008;28(5):64557. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. IV. (2007). Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. dextran Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. dextran hydrodynamic radius Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. J Appl Toxicol. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The site is secure. Dextran dextran 2012;3(1):208. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. ; Bataille, B. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Charge: Anionic. (2013). Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. (2013). Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Colloid Polym. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). principles of dynamic light scattering dextran hydrodynamic Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). All authors read and approved the final manuscript. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. Pavlov, G.M. Article Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. 2016;47:15964. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Cite this article. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Expert Opin Drug Deliv. (2007). Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. 2012;9(2):14754. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. dextran hydrodynamic radius dextran 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. Arch Dermatol Res. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. Crini, G. (2005). Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Hennink, W.E. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. 151-166. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Pharm Res. (2001). In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Sung-Wook Choi. 2009;8(2):1739. AATEX. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. FOIA Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular Biomaterials, 22, 1891-1898. (2013). Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. Bahary, W.S. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. De Belder, A.N. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. J Pharm Sci. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. Saudi Pharm J. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. 2015;32(5):170413. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Dextran 670 GPC Standard | Pharmacosmos Dextran Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51].