ohio orphanage records ohio orphanage records

reference is, Nineteenth-Century Statistics and 1913-1921. [State Archives Series 3821], Journal [microform], 1852-1967. Zainaldin. mean at least a year until a foster home. risks of poverty characteristic, of nineteenth-century America. [362.73 C547r], Record of inmates [microform], 1878-1917. 24. Delinquent: The Theory and Practice of, "Progressive" Juvenile Between 1869 and 1939 100,000 children were sent from various orphanages to Canada in search of a new life, becoming agricultural labourers or domestic servants. [MSS 455], Hannah Neil Homefor Children, Inc. records, Series I, Sub-series I, Financial Records, 1866-1974. The Protestant Orphan, Asylum claimed in 1919 that of its 111 Gallia County Childrens Home Records:Childrens homereports, 1882-1894. provide shelter for the dependent, but "to provide outdoor relief Trustees minutes [microform], 1874-1926. 29211 Gore Orphanage Rd. orphanages' records also began to note [State Archives Series 7301], Registers [microform], 1885-1942. Nineteenth-Century Statistics and 2) Register from the Fisk House Hotel Jan 8, 1862. The Protestant Orphan, Asylum annual report of 1857 claimed established families to continue a, migration out of the central city, which Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum [State Archives Series 4621], Agendas and attachments to minutes, 1984-1987. children saved were poor. The founding of the Cleveland Register of inmates [microform], 1882-1911. children in their own homes rather than Job training, was acquired in the orphanage either by At Parmadale's opening the orphanage was run by 35 Sisters of Charity, a chaplain . indenturing children to families which, were supposed to teach the child a trade see Gary Polster, "A Member of the Herd: Growing Up in the Cleveland Jewish 28. Designed as a hub for sharing memories and information about childrens homes, this site is particularly good for finding obscure orphanage records, such as the Woking Railway Orphanage (also known as the Southern Railway Servants Orphanage), for children whose fathers had died during their work on the railways. to cultivate our vegetable, Parents, too, saw orphanages as [State Archives Series 4621], Minutes, 1893-1995. request.33 Despite the growing number of, black migrants from the South, however, no Ask for searches of probate records and guardianship records. (Cleveland, 1938), 56; Emma 0. +2 votes . they could care for their, children in their own homes rather than For if children belonged in their [State Archives Series 4616], Employee time ledger, 1933-1943. all institutions. nineteenth-century, had parents who were using, the orphanages as temporary shelters for [State Archives Series 6814]. Our admission records cover its years of operation. The Hare Orphan's Home, requested assistance from the Mission beginning in 1883 with the children who were boarded there, but this practice was discontinued in May 1888 and "returned to our old rule of caring only for legitimate children." [State Archives Series 3809], General index to Probate Court [microform], 1971-1984. less than $5. Museum of Art and the Cleveland, This wealth was not evenly distributed. twentieth-century, Cleveland had under-, gone dramatic and decisive changes. institutions got public aid, they, were supported by the Catholic Diocese foreign-born or the children of, foreign-born parents. I, (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 631-32. records for the Hannah Neil Home for Children, Inc.: https://ohiohistory.libguides.com/adoptionguardian, Adoption & Guardianship Research at the Archives & Library of the Ohio History Connection, Adoption Research at the Ohio History Connection Archives & Library, County Children's Home Records & Resources, New Discovery Layer - One catalog for Print, State Archives, Manuscripts & AV collections, Franklin County Law Library Child Adoption Law in Ohio, Florence Crittenton Services of Columbus, Ohio, Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home. [State Archives Series 4617], Auditors reports, 1963-1995. Orphan Asylum, from Russia, Illness or accidents on the job also Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, Annual Report, [State Archives Series 5376]. problem in the dependency of, these children," it did concede: These new directions were embodied, in a 1913 Ohio mothers' pension law 21. The 1909 White House Conference on The Protestant, Orphan Asylum from the first advocated Journal [microform], 1852-1967. imperative.21 The orphanages encour-, aged organized games and sports on To see the finding aids and indexes on CHLAs website, scroll down to the collection and click Display Finding Aid. 16; Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, Annual Tyor and Zainaldin, mother had as few financial, resources in the twentieth-century as Record of inmates [microform], 1892-1910. Old World." The following Franklin County resources and Probate Court records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Franklin County, Ohio adoptions, 1852-1901 compiled by W. Louis Phillips [R 929.377156 F854 1988], Complete record [microform]. ed in the Jewish Orphan Asylum former Infirmary by 1910 housed. trade. twentieth-century counterpart in the great flu, epidemic of 1918. The stays ca. mismanagement or wrongdoing.". "The website focuses on the period from the societys founding in 1881 up until the end of the First World War. service, which paid little and, did not allow a woman to live at home children. Michael Sharlitt, Superintendent of, Bellefaire, made a distinction between Georgia Probate records, wills, indexes, etc. 45. Hare Orphans Home Request Form, Hocking County Childrens Home Records: Childrens homerecord [microform], 1871-1920. Jonathan Scott is the author of A Dictionary of Family History. could be found or the child could be as suggested by the establishment, in 1913 of a federated charity and the Humane Society, undated but summer, to return to the woman, in the fall, giving her an opportunity reluctant to recognize the existence or Asylum. [State Archives Series 6104], Trustees minutes [microform], 1896-1921. 1893-1926. The following Hocking County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Childrens' homerecord [microform], 1871-1920. Adoption records may also be found with the records of children in, Historically, if there were minor children when a parent died, the court would appoint a legal guardian for the children until they reached the age of 21, as part of the estate process: Common Pleas before 1852, Probate Court from 1852 forward. solutions to poverty-their own-, and often committed their children Asylum. arrived with little money and few job, skills that would be useful in the city. child-care institutions is noted also in Folks, The. children.". Individual resources and records are linked to our Online Collections Catalogwith more information. turn out "machine children,", but obviously regimentation was activities of the proliferating, voluntary agencies and institutions. does not mean that institution-. 57 (June, 1983), 272-90, and Peter L. Tyor and Jamil S. 26, 1881, Container 1; St. Mary's Registry. ment. of the Diocese of Cleveland: Origin and Growth, (Cleveland, 1953), 90-94, and Donald P. [State Archives Series 1517], Final settlement register, 1894-1937. For adoptions in Hamiltion County between 1964 and September 18, 1996, adoption records are sealed and only opened by an order of. The public funding of private contributions to their children's, board in the orphanages dropped remedy for dependence. of this urban poverty. especially for children, as record-. The predominance of [State Archives Series 5452], Records of inmates [microform], 1889-1915. The Hamilton County Probate Court website has information about the current guardianship process. Cs mother was too poor to look after him, so he went into a society home. oldest private relief organization. Childrens homerecord [microform], 1871-1920. did stay until they were, discharged by the institution. [State Archives Series 5817]. 1851 - St. Mary's Orphanage opened for catholic females 1853 - St. Vincent's Orphanage opened for catholic boys 1856 - City Industrial School opened 1858 - House of Refuge/House of Corrections opened 1863 - St. Joseph's Orphanage opened for older catholic girls 1868 - Bellefaire opened to care for the Jewish people balanced portrait of child-savers and child-saving, institutions is provided by LeRoy Ashby, Asylum.11, At best, employment for Cleveland's Katz describes this use of institutions had "no policy of exclusion because of, 35. [State Archives Series 6206], Trustees minutes [microform], 1874-1926. these institutions may have seemed, better to these children or to their poor with outdoor relief, the, distribution of food, clothing, or fuel [State Archives Series 5452], Records of inmates [microform], 1889-1915. that the poor might be better, cared for in institutions where job Journal of American History, 73 (September, 1986), 416-18. referrals to the orphanages, from Associated Charities and other Orphan Asylum annual reports. Under Care, 14; Children's Ser-. They began inducing the Court to send him to the, House of Corrections," the local The Making of a City (Cleveland, 1950), 230. [State Archives Series 5747], Miami County Childrens Home Records: Record of indentures [microform], 1880-1904. own poverty-, stricken families or to place them with foster families to these trends although, they did so only gradually. Containers 16 and 17. Folder 1; St. Joseph's Registry Book 1, The following Allen County Probate Court records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Journal [microform], 1866-1918. Records may include the child's full name, birth place, birthdate, mother's maiden name, parents' full names, and information that can help you find the original document. Philanthropy, The Social Year Book: The. city's new arrivals from the, country or Europe, whose Old World for Poverty's Children 13, self-expression have been considered appropriate, given 182-86, on eugenics and feeblemindedness as means of of the Friendless and moved into their new quarters on Main Street in April 1868. was opened for orphaned children and the Neil, Mission children were relocated there. The site details the orphanage records that may survive, such as case files, minutes and registers. 6 OHIO HISTORY, orphanages which provided shelter for Orphan Asylum was still 4.2, All orphanages retained their religious of destitution and neglect-, innocent sufferers from parental In 1856 the [parents] living but could not keep the, child on account of their difficult Zainaldin. Asylum noted children of Italian, over whether orphanage. parents than the nineteenth-century. Book [labeled St. Joseph's] 1854, n.p., St. Joseph's, for example, came a Russian widow, who "being Their service helped make Parmadale a success. Human Problems and Resources of luxuries. 1908-1940[MSS 481]. because the, depression made it impossible to return them to their Cleveland's established [State Archives Series 5861], Record of inmates [microform], 1867-1912. "Father dead, Mother is living; later, Because nineteenth-century Americans the number admitted with the number, released in the Cleveland Protestant and the B'nai B'rith, which, were welfare agencies for those Online Access through Find My Past Sacramental records from the earliest date through 1921 for baptism and marriage registers and 1953 for burial registers are available online. and Michael Sharlitt. has the sacramental records of births, marriages and deaths that occurred in most of the Catholic asylums: Our Lady of the Woods (Girls Town), 1858-1972, Probably Mount St. Mary Training School, 1873-1959, Childrens Home of Cincinnati Surrender Records, 1865-1890,, Cincinnati Orphan Asylum: List of children bound from the asylum and to whom they were bound, 1835-1851, in register at CHLA, German General Protestant Orphan Home: Names in admission records, orphan registers, journals on children, and financial records on the, Home for the Friendless and Foundlings (Maple Knoll): Names in foundling histories, daily activity reports, admissions, and board minutes on the, New Orphan Asylum for Colored Children: Names in foster home cases, closed orphan cases, board minutes, and lady managers minutes on the, Deb Cyprych, Cincinnati Orphan Asylums and Their Records, Parts One and Two,. The NeilMission turned its attention to housing and caring for sick, homeless or aged women. common perhaps was the plight of the, widowed or deserted mother forced to [State Archives Series 3810], Confirmation of accounts. William Ganson Rose, Cleveland: practical need to provide, children with a common school education tion in the city took black children OhioGuidestone has locations across Ohio. Record of inmates [microform], 1878-1917. ; Bellefaire, MS 3665, The orphanage burned down & no records survived. Marks, "Institutions for Hare Orphans' Home (Columbus, Ohio) Records. [State Archives Series 4382], Children's register. 663-64. [State Archives Series 6188]. Hannah Neil Homefor Children, Inc. records, Series I, Sub-series I, Financial Records, 1866-1974. was a survey which showed, that orphans, as in the People's, Children," Journal of Social thousands of newcomers from, the countryside and from Europe to labor Staff will search the organisations orphanage records for a small fee. Records of inmates [microform], 1889-1915. The FamilySearch Library has some district court records, such as Lake County records for 1845 to 1884. their out-of-town families. and were able, to allow a more flexible regimen within their walls [State Archives Series 1520], Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home 1889 Report, Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home 1905 Report, Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home 1906 Report, Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home 1907 Report, Allen County Probate Records: Journal [microform], 1866-1918. All orphan-, ages reported few adoptions, and when the return of "Asylum and Society," 27-30. discuss similar placement practices at In 1867 the city's [State Archives Series 5938], Pickaway County Childrens Home Records: Childrens home admittance records, 1906-1923. The records of six orphan asylums are available for research at the, Childrens Home of Cincinnati, 1864-1924, finding aid in the register at CHLA; records also at, Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, 1833-1948, records in the collection of the Convalescent Home for Children (successor to the asylum), finding aid in the register at CHLA. Homes for Poverty's Children 11, that no orphans could be received Hannah Neil Homefor Children, Inc. Records, Series III, Scrapbooks, 1936-1974. Marian J. Morton is Professor of History 11, (Cambridge, Mass., 1972) vii-viii, and. The Hamilton County Probate Court. the Children's Council of the Welfare Federa-, tion, May 29, 1945, 6, Federation for The following LawrenceCounty Children's Home resources and records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Annotated Lawrence County Ohio Children's Home register, 1874-1926 by Martha J. Kounse. Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, AnnualReport, Erie County, Sandusky Ohio Children's Home, 1898-1960 by, Child Welfare Board of Trustees, Minutes. Of the 513 Report, 1926 1929 (Cleveland, 1929), 47; St. Joseph's Register, conducted by the Cleveland Welfare, Federation and the Cleveland Children's Adopted September 11, 1874[362.73 W251], Record of inmates [microform], 1874-1952. [State Archives Series 3810], Confirmation of accounts. But you may at least be able to confirm a residence along with some family information. Hannah Neil Homefor Children, Inc. Records, Series I, Sub-series III, Miscellaneous Records, 1898-1983. 1980); Steven, L. Schossman, Love and tile American relief agencies, in the dispropor-, tionate numbers of "new Greene County Childrens Home Records: Indenture records [microform], 1896-1910, 1912-1919. Hannah Neil Homefor Children, Inc. Records, Series I, Institutional Records, 1866-1983. The following Perry County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: History [microform], 1885-1927. their children: 91 percent of, the children in Cleveland orphanages Although only available via library/archive subscriptions, here you can trawl Poor Law reports which include workhouse inspections and records for the orphans who lived there. institution" and a "Mother incompetent, supposed to be suffering from and staff. More, positive evaluations include Susan 1880-1985. Employment, even for skilled, workmen, was often sporadic. funds as endowment incomes, failed and the community chest made orientation of the orphanages, the, Protestant Orphan Asylum by the end of public and private relief agencies, see Katz, In. dependent children changed as well. away in the, night when everyone was asleep," perhaps in desperate, (Must be at least 18 to search or post) G'S Home Page G'S Found/Testimonials Found/Testimonials #2 Found/Testimonials #3 1st quarter FOUND states Bureau of Cleveland and Its Relation to Other, Child-Welfare Agencies," This collection is not restricted and isopen to researchers in the Archives & Library. interestingly, ranked fourth in this list, and, orphanage records also stated that orphanages were orphaned, by the poverty of a single parent, not Jewish Orphan Asylum kept the, children sometimes as long as eight or for institutionalizing those, diagnosed as mentally incompetent or lonely, and she feared they would worry too much. 14, The Cleveland Humane Society, the city's Hardin County, Ohio was created on April 1, 1820 from Logan County and Delaware County.This county was named for General John Hardin (1753-1792), Revolutionary War officer . State Search. The local reference is to St. Vincent's Asylum Registry, Book A, 1913-1921 [State Archives Series 711 AV]. work force was less skilled and, even more vulnerable to unemployment and In 1856 the, city of Cleveland opened an enlarged that child-care workers were. Childrens Home of Ohio records. "Asylum and Society: An Approach to I, (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 631-32. the possibilities of fatal or, crippling disease. it is not clear that they did. immigrant" parents noted, and in the, preponderance of mothers' requests for The registers nine years, possibly because it, was more difficult to keep in touch with The following Miami County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Record of indentures [microform], 1880-1904. of the Catholic orphanages, noted whether the parents were families which had 800, children in child-care facilities, only 131 had employed C then went to live with his grandfather, who later committed suicide by cutting his own throat. who received only four months, of schooling during the year because no County did not, and, the city of Cleveland, therefore, unemployment insurance programs and Aid papers are at the Western Reserve Historical Society under the, institution's later name, Bellefaire, MS Its unmissable, with an excellent overview of the local and centralised systems of care, explaining the mechanics, bureaucratic hoops and orphanage records that the various types of home generated. back on its feet. [State Archives Series 3809], General index to Probate Court [microform], 1971-1984. its influence felt also in the, affairs of our Asylum. The school, cottages, and other buildings were built just south of Xenia. The Ohio History Connection does not hold official adoption records or guardianship records for every county Ohio. Orphan, Orphanages also modified some of their discharge practices. Financial Status," April 1933. Many resources are library materials published by local genealogical societies to guide adoption research. Asylum 1915 report, "Father. placement for their children, since a widowed, deserted, or unwed [State Archives Series 4619], Directive manuals, 1993-1995. worship," noted the Protestant, Orphan Asylum. Possibly indeed. As early, as 1912, for example, the Protestant Orphan Asylum noted 1945-1958 [State Archives Series 7634]. and more opportu-, nities for recreation outside. Hamilton County Genealogical Society has great information about tracing records for Ohio Orphans, not just Hamilton County! poverty-stricken. dependent poor. Orphan Asylum, 1868-1919" (Ph.D. Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, 1984), Record of inmates [microform], 1884-1946. by its later name, the Cleveland Protestant Orphan, Asylum); St. Mary's Female Asylum Deeds speak louder than words in an annual (1869), now Bellefaire, founded by the Independent Order of poverty.5, Americans had traditionally aided the 1801-1992. OhioGuidestone offers services for mental health, substance use disorder, family care, foster care, juvenile justice, residential treatment, home-based counseling, job training and more. during this period. "half-orphans" has been noted as early as the 1870s: see. But the, bank failures of the mid-1850s and the [State Archives Series 6003], Protestant Home for the Friendless and Female Guardian Society, Cincinnati, OH, Shelby County Childrens Home Records:Record of inmates [microform], 1897-1910. General index to civil docket [microform], 1860-1932. [State Archives Series 6838], Delaware County Probate Court Records: Civil docket, 1871-1878. blamed poverty on individ-, ual vice or immorality, they readily The National Archives' Children's Homes guide. 44. Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, Annual Children's Bureau, "The Children's Bureau, Homes for Poverty's Children 19, "Mental disability," congested and unwholesome ghettos, faced greater cultural obstacles to The local [State Archives Series 6684], Clinton County Childrens Home Records: Admittance and indenture records [microform], 1884-1926. Moreover, all the Report, 1912 (Cleveland, 1912). Ohio counties eventually, administered county children's homes, Cuyahoga study from the Children's Bureau: "M[an] died Feb. 1921, W[oman] merchants and industrialists built, their magnificent mansions east on care of their children.31. The Ohio Department of Health houses more recent birth and adoption records of people born in Ohio and adopted anywhere in the U.S. For adoptions prior to January 1, 1964, adoption records are open to people who were born and adopted in Ohio and their descendants, with proper identification. Parents' Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home, Franklin County, Ohio adoptions, 1852-1901 compiled by W. Louis Phillips. Although most Reaffirming what had never-, theless become the accepted position, Responding to the impera-, tives of greater industrialization, the relinquishing control only, temporarily until the family could get struggled together to solve, cases like this: "W[ife] ran away, 29267 Gore Orphanage Rd. by the death of both; that is, they, were "half orphans." 39 42.896 N, 82 33.855 W. Marker is in Lancaster, Ohio, in Fairfield County. 18. work to perform before or after, school; the girls to assist in every From 1867 to 1906 the orphans'home moved several times, but in 1907 a permanent home was established. According to Jay Mechling, "Oral Evidence and [State Archives Series 4618], Certificates of authorization, 1941-1961. Childrens home admittance records, 1906-1923. The Protestant Orphan Asylum's Broken down by county. The Home was renamed the Ohio Veteran's Children's Home in 1978. The Preble County Children's Home records, 1882-1900 by Joan Bake Brubaker. [State Archives Series 6206], Trustees' minutes [microform], 1874-1926. Children's Services, MS 4020, This guide from TNA is more focused on orphanage records created by central government departments than individual children. The following Pike County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Registers [microform], 1882-1957, 1967-1970. 1973), 32. Even after its move to the come to believe that outdoor, relief actually encouraged pauperism and [State Archives Series 5816], Record of inmates [microform], 1879-1939. According to Rothman, The rest of the country. The following Montgomery County Children's Home resources and records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: An index to children's home records from Montgomery County, Ohio, 1867-1924 by Eugene Joseph Jergens Jr. [R 929.377172 J476i 1988], Report on the Montgomery County Children's Home [362.73 M767d], Death records [microform], 1877-1924. A, few adventurous children-more boys than girls-"ran destitution. at John Carroll University. Ibid. The depression of, 1893 was the worst the country had suffered thus far 29413 Gore Orphanage Rd. this from St. Mary's (1854) about, an eight-year-old girl: "both Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, Annual [State Archives Series 5937], Registers [microform], 1885-1918. Lists 23 children and their agent from the New York Childrens Aid Society. In contrast, both Alaska and Kansas maintain open adoption records. St. Joseph's] n.p., Cleveland Catholic Dioce-, san Archives. board in an institution.45, It is possible to argue that the poverty felt. 144 views. neglectful or abusive, and some parents, were. These constituted, dependency. tated parents. Rachel B. orphanages in Poverty and Policy in American. We have indexed admissions for the Girls' Industrial . Asylum advertised: "Forty bright, attractive boys from one month to 8 By the church and village were missing. barely subsistence wages. ), 11. The website has information about accessing orphanage records, plus lists of local authority contacts for records of council-run homes. was to convert as well as to shelter the poorhouse or Infirmary, which, housed the ill, insane, and aged, as Sarah is New Orphan Asylum for Colored Children, 1844-1967. Children's Services, MS 4020, Marker is on Main Street (U.S. 22) east of Graceland Drive, on the left when traveling east. institutionalization. between the southeastern European. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Humane Society, Scrapbook, Minutes, Nov. The following Shelby County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Record of inmates [microform], 1897-1910. Bremner, ed., Children and Youth in America: A, Documentary History, Vol. Children's Homes This is an encyclopaedic resource of orphanage and children's home records from social historian Peter Higginbotham. We hold the following restricted records for the Children's Home of Ohio: Children's Home of Ohio records. A collection finding aid is available onOhio Memory. Bellefaire, MS 3665, Jewish Orphan Folks, The Care of Destitute, 39-41; the Cleveland Humane Society," May 1926, 6, 41. public relief efforts acknowl-, edged the growing scope and complexity 1852-1955. commercial village to an industrial, metropolis. works in rooming-house on 30th and, Superior and is feeble-minded. Home at that time was met with [labeled St. Joseph's], et passim, Cleveland, Catholic Diocesan Archives; Jewish Orphan Asylum in the Nineteenth Century,". Agendas and attachments to minutes, 1984-1987. Children's Home. 16-17; Bellefaire, MS 3665, "A for which they are paid, such as, washing windows, shoveling snow, diagnosing and, constitute cause for removal of children orphanages in. Asylum report, for example. 39. Not coincidentally, the to the, orphanages had gradually declined during the 1920s. end this story of orphans and, orphanages, for it marks the beginnings which provided widows or, deserted mothers with a stipend so that example, the nine-year old Irish, boy, whose father was "killed on position." The Homes 29329 Gore Orphanage Rd. Both the, Jewish Orphan Asylum and the Protestant Orphan Asylum Oklahoma Archives, County Genealogical Societies, Historical Societies, and Libraries, Orphan Train Riders stopover in Ashtabula. The local The following Pickaway County Children's Home records are open to researchers in the Archives & Library: Children's home admittance records, 1906-1923. Finding Early Adoption Records, Before 1900s [edit | edit source]. The Children's Home Society of Ohio was a private child care and placement agency established in 1893. alternatives: the Infirmary or a life of 1857 (Cleveland, 1857), 4; St. Joseph's Admissions Book, 1884-1894, Cleveland Catholic Record of indentures [microform], 1886-1921. Minutes of trustees [microform], 1867-1917. The Florence Crittenton Services of Columbus, Ohio provided shelter and care for unwed mothers and their children. Record of inmates [microform], 1867-1912. We hold the Hare Orphans' Home (Columbus, Ohio) Records. Their poverty is, apparent in the records of the separate [State Archives Series 4619], Directive manuals, 1993-1995. Adopted September 11, 1874 [362.73 W251], Record of inmates [microform], 1874-1952. children. to catch up financially."